Markets & Security: European stocks closed mostly lower as Iran–US tensions flared after a reported incident in the Strait of Hormuz, with oil prices up and bond yields rising. Geopolitics & Retaliation Planning: A report says Iran has assessed options to strike US military assets in southeastern Europe, including Bulgaria and Cyprus, if Washington escalates. Migration Policy: The EU backed the return of people illegally in Ceuta to Morocco, including unaccompanied minors, putting pressure on Spain as reception capacity remains strained. Climate & Oceans: Scientists say human-caused warming is driving record marine heatwaves, adding about 2°C to the Mediterranean and 1.3–1.4°C to parts of Western Europe, with major risks for marine life and coastal economies. Food Supply: Europe’s farmers warn heat and drought could trigger food shortages and price hikes. Industry & Defence Autonomy: Italy’s space sector faces pressure to consolidate as defence and government buyers favour larger suppliers. Energy Transition: Shell agreed to sell its European onshore renewables business to TotalEnergies, highlighting different clean-power strategies among oil majors. Tech & Business: OpenAI expands its ChatGPT ads pilot to 31 European markets; LG starts mass production of a 5G smart telematics unit for a premium European automaker.